Controlling European foulbrood with the shook swarm method and oxytetracycline in the UK

Free access article

Issue		Apidologie Volume 34, Number 6, November-December 2003


Page(s)		569 - 575
DOI		10.1051/apido:2003052

Apidologie 34 (2003) 569-575
DOI: 10.1051/apido:2003052

Controlling European foulbrood with the shook swarm method and oxytetracycline in the UK

Ruth J. Waite, Michael A. Brown, Helen M. Thompson and Medwin H. Bew

National Bee Unit, Central Science Laboratory, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
(Received 15 November 2002; revised 17 March 2003; accepted 8 April 2003)

Abstract
Colonies infected with European foulbrood (EFB) were treated with the shook swarm method in combination with oxytetracycline (OTC) and compared with those treated with OTC alone, the usual treatment for EFB in England and Wales. Success rates and instances of recurrence in the following season were recorded in the seasons 2000 and 2001 respectively. Both treatments had similar success rates with respect to elimination of EFB in 2000. Shook swarm plus OTC treatment resulted in a lower level of EFB recurrence in the 2001 season than OTC treatment alone. Colonies treated with the shook swarm plus OTC method showed a recurrence rate of 4.8%, whereas those treated with OTC alone had a recurrence in 21.1% of cases. The differences were shown to be significant at the 10% level. These results suggest that the shook swarm plus OTC method could be a valid method for EFB treatment and control in the UK.

Key words: European foulbrood / shook swarm / oxytetracycline / disease control / alternative method

Correspondence and reprints: Ruth J. Waite R.Waite@csl.gov.uk

© INRA, EDP Sciences, DIB, AGIB 2003

What is OpenURL?

The OpenURL standard is a protocol for transmission of metadata describing the resource that you wish to access. An OpenURL link contains article metadata and directs it to the OpenURL server of your choice. The OpenURL server can provide access to the resource and also offer complementary services (specific search engine, export of references...). The OpenURL link can be generated by different means.

If your librarian has set up your subscription with an OpenURL resolver, OpenURL links appear automatically on the abstract pages.
You can define your own OpenURL resolver with your EDPS Account. In this case your choice will be given priority over that of your library.
You can use an add-on for your browser (Firefox or I.E.) to display OpenURL links on a page (see http://www.openly.com/openurlref/). You should disable this module if you wish to use the OpenURL server that you or your library have defined.