A morphometric model for determining the effect of commercial queen bee usage on the native honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) population in a Turkish province

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Table I

Mean and standard deviations of the 41 morphological characteristics measured for Caucasian (CRA-P and CRA-C) and Anatolian (AR-B) worker bee samples belonging to original geographic subspecies queen bee rearing enterprises.

	Morphological	Caucasian	Caucasian	Anatolian
	traits	CRA-P	CRA-C	AR-B
1	Length of hairs (LH)	0.307 ± 0.004 ^a	0.309 ± 0.005^a	0.235 ± 0.007 ^b***
2	Width tomentum a (WTa)	1.016 ± 0.010	0.998 ± 0.008	0.999 ± 0.012 ^NS
3	Width tomentum b (WTb)	0.398 ± 0.005	0.419 ± 0.007	0.401 ± 0.010^NS
4	Tomentum index (TI)	2.584 ± 0.052^a	2.399 ± 0.041^b	2.564 ± 0.091 ^ab*
5	Length of proboscis (LPr)	6.561 ± 0.013^b	6.647 ± 0.014^a	6.429 ± 0.021 ^c***
6	Length of femur (LF)	2.661 ± 0.006^a	2.714 ± 0.008^a	2.659 ± 0.024^b**
7	Length of tibia (LT)	3.207 ± 0.006^b	3.243 ± 0.008^b	3.323 ± 0.023^a***
8	Length of metatarsus (LM)	2.054 ± 0.004^b	2.084 ± 0.004^b	2.252 ± 0.025^a**
9	Length of hind leg (LHL)	7.922 ± 0.012^c	8.041 ± 0.014^b	8.122 ± 0.046^a***
10	Width of metatarsus (WM)	1.201 ± 0.012^b	1.200 ± 0.004^b	1.287 ± 0.012^a***
11	Metatarsal index (MI)	58.989 ± 0.985^a	57.593 ± 0.184^a	55.577 ± 0.628^b**
12	Width of tergite 3 (WT₃)	2.212 ± 0.007 ^a	2.217 ± 0.006^a	2.153 ± 0.002^b***
13	Width of tergite 4 (WT₄)	2.159 ± 0.0069^a	2.166 ± 0.006^a	2.084 ± 0.014^b***
14	Body size (T₃+T₄) (BS)	4.369 ± 0.012^a	4.383 ± 0.012^a	4.235 ± 0.025^b***
15	Width of sternite 3 (WS₃)	2.804 ± 0.026^b	2.913 ± 0.009^a	2.789 ± 0.017^b***
16	Length of wax mirror (LWM)	1.411 ± 0.011^b	1.448 ± 0.006^a	1.380 ± 0.012^c***
17	Width of wax mirror (WWM)	2.332 ± 0.027^b	2.404 ± 0.007^a	2.349 ± 0.011^b*
18	D. between mirrors (DWM)	0.299 ± 0.007	0.283 ± 0.004	0.293 ± 0.006^NS
19	Length of sternum 6 (LS₆)	2.580 ± 0.010^b	2.619 ± 0.012^a	2.550 ± 0.013^b***
20	Width of sternum 6 (WS₆)	3.199 ± 0.017	3.179 ± 0.0166	3.164 ± 0.014^NS
21	Sternum 6 Index (S₆I)	80.687 ± 0.354^b	82.429 ± 0.319^a	80.563 ± 0.514^b**
22	Length of forewing (LFW)	9.151 ± 0.008^b	9.359 ± 0.016^a	8.905 ± 0.055^c***
23	Width of forewing (WFW)	3.234 ± 0.036^a	3.157 ± 0.008^b	3.046 ± 0.027^c***
24	Length of cubital a (LCa)	0.467 ± 0.007^b	0.516 ± 0.003^a	0.514 ± 0.005^a***
25	Length of cubital b (LCb)	0.247 ± 0.003^a	0.248 ± 0.002^a	0.229 ± 0.0048^b***
26	Cubital index (CI)	1.906 ± 0.045^c	2.093 ± 0.024^b	2.259 ± 0.044^a***
27	Colour of tergite 2 (CT₂)	4.706 ± 0.134 ^b	4.794 ± 0.140^b	7.491 ± 0.147^a***
28	Colour of tergite 3 (CT₃)	4.668 ± 0.048^b	4.229 ± 0.069^c	7.295 ± 0.079^a***
29	Colour of tergite 4 (CT₄)	1.576 ± 0.057^b	1.252 ± 0.054^c	5.072 ± 0.164^a***
30	Colour of scutellum (CSc)	0.617 ± 0.136^b	0.027 ± 0.012^b	2.411 ± 0.453^a***
31	Angle 1 (A₄)	35.833 ± 0.251^a	34.888 ± 0.250^b	32.998 ± 0.194^***c
32	Angle 2 (B₄)	99.770 ± 0.573^b	101.183 ± 0.499^ab	102.629 ± 0.623^a**
33	Angle 3 (D₇)	103.915 ± 0.295^a	103.893 ± 0.288^a	101.679 ± 0.43^b***
34	Angle 4 (E₉)	20.094 ± 0.173^b	20.710 ± 0.131^a	19.995 ± 0.1784^b**
35	Angle 5 (J₁₀)	54.177 ± 0.257	54.787 ± 0.323	54.820 ± 0.3120^NS
36	Angle 6 (J₁₆)	86.419 ± 0.646^b	86.769 ± 0.493^b	89.711 ± 0.502^a***
37	Angle 7 (N₂₃)	87.216 ± 0.304^b	87.100 ± 0.564^b	89.459 ± 0.355^a***
38	Angle 8 (L₁₃)	15.076 ± 0.148	15.420 ± 0.165	15.008 ± 0.205^NS
39	Angle 9 (K₁₉)	74.348 ± 0.351^b	74.045 ± 0.296^b	77.879 ± 0.369^a***
40	Angle 10 (O₂₆)	35.945 ± 0.379	36.121 ± 0.327	35.284 ± 0.471^NS
41	Angle 11 (G₁₂)	94.258 ± 0.323^b	95.276 ± 0.321^a	93.243 ± 0.383^c***

^NS,*,**,*** non significant and significant at 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 respectively.