A morphometric model for determining the effect of commercial queen bee usage on the native honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) population in a Turkish province

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Table III

Mean and standard deviations (X ± Sx) of 41 morphological characteristics of worker bee samples taken from Turhan (T), Duzler (D), Yesiloba (Y), Catakguney (ÇG), Merkez (C ) and Akcabuk (A) villages of Turkeli-Sinop.

Traits	T	D	Y	CG	C	A
LH^**	0.241 ± 0.029^bc	0.247 ± 0.04^abc	0.240 ± 0.036^bc	0.25 ± 0.045^ab	0,255 ± 0.046^a	0.237 ± 0.030^c
WTa^***	0.630 ± 0.010^c	0.755 ± 0.013^a	0.674 ± 0.009^b	0.685 ± 0.008^b	0.684 ± 0.008^b	0.691 ± 0.009^b
WTb^***	0254 ± 0.004^d	0.257 ± 0.004^cd	0.261 ± 0.004^cd	0.266 ± 0.004^c	0.293 ± 0.003^a	0.279 ± 0.003^b
TI^***	2.496 ± 0.040^cd	2.898 ± 0.070^a	2.605 ± 0.052^bc	2.668 ± 0.053^b	2.366 ± 0.032 ^d	2.51 ± 0.057 ^cd
LPr^***	6.479 ± 0.017^dc	6.575 ± 0.027^ab	6.533 ± 0.022^bc	6.417 ± 0.043^d	6.59 ± 0.029^ab	6.642 ± 0.019^a
LF^***	2.666 ± 0.020^a	2.582 ± 0.016^ab	2.618 ± 0.015^cd	2.574 ± 0.007^d	2.601 ± 0.009^cd	2.65 ± 0.007^ab
LT^***	3.216 ± 0.009 ^a	3.146 ± 0.009 ^c	3.16 ± 0.008 ^bc	3.12 ± 0.006 ^d	3.16 ± 0.007 ^bc	3.173 ± 0.010 ^b
LM^***	2.019 ± 0.007^bc	2.051 ± 0.010^a	2.043 ± 0.008^a	2.000 ± 0.006^c	2.040 ± 0.006^a	2.03 ± 0.007^ab
LHL^***	7.879 ± 0.024^a	7.778 ± 0.025 ^c	7.815 ± 0.022^bc	7.694 ± 0.013^d	7.799 ± 0.015^bc	7.85 ± 0.015^ab
WM^***	1.156 ± 0.007^b	1.206 ± 0.008^a	1.206 ± 0.007^a	1.078 ± 0.007^c	1.156 ± 0.006^b	1.155 ± 0.007^b
MI^***	57.32 ± 0.339^b	58.869 ± 0.34^a	59.07 ± 0.327^a	53.89 ± 0.39 ^c	56.75 ± 0.336^b	56.84 ± 0.363^b
WT	2.209 ± 0.011^b	2.227 ± 0.008^ab	2.218 ± 0.008^b	2.170 ± 0.009^c	2.244 ± 0.010^a	2.23 ± 0.009^ab
WT	2.170 ± 0.009^a	2.173 ± 0.008^a	2.168 ± 0.008^a	2.124 ± 0.009^b	2.172 ± 0.009^a	2.158 ± 0.012^a
BS^***	4.371 ± 0.014 ^b	4.400 ± 0.010^ab	4.386 ± 0.011^ab	4.293 ± 0.013^c	4.416 ± 0.013^a	4.38 ± 0.018^ab
WS	2.808 ± 0.007^ab	2.823 ± 0.007^a	2.810 ± 0.009^ab	2.756 ± 0.009^c	2.792 ± 0.012^b	2.826 ± 0.010^a
LWM^**	1.296 ± 0.011^d	1.384 ± 0.016^c	1.522 ± 0.007^a	1.467 ± 0.008^b	1.507 ± 0.008^a	1.510 ± 0.007^a
WWM^**	2.365 ± 0.010^a	2.334 ± 0.010^ab	2.339 ± 0.013^ab	2.287 ± 0.011^c	2.34 ± 0.010^ab	2.31 ± 0.009^bc
DWM^**	0.173 ± 0.004^b	0.178 ± 0.004^b	0.176 ± 0.005^b	0.195 ± 0.005^a	0.165 ± 0.006^b	0.169 ± 0.005^b
LS	2.773 ± 0.008^b	2.794 ± 0.009^ab	2.782 ± 0.010^b	2.718 ± 0.011^c	2.769 ± 0.011^b	2.819 ± 0.012^a
WS	3.164 ± 0.016^b	3.199 ± 0.015^ab	3.158 ± 0.015^b	3.072 ± 0.012^c	3.227 ± 0.015^a	3.19 ± 0.014^ab
S₆I^***	87.658 ± 0.39^a	87.39 ± 0.358^a	88.13 ± 0.370^a	88.50 ± 0.360^a	85.85 ± 0.381^b	88.28 ± 0.386^a
LFW^***	9.176 ± 0.028^a	9.104 ± 0.023^ab	9.085 ± 0.022^b	8.763 ± 0.027^c	9.13 ± 0.023^ab	9.177 ± 0.019^a
WFW^**	3.147 ± 0.009^b	3.149 ± 0.009^b	3.118 ± 0.009^c	3.064 ± 0.011^e	3.092 ± 0.011^d	3.174 ± 0.011^a
LCa^*	0.507 ± 0.005^ab	0.512 ± 0.006^ab	0.507 ± 0.007^ab	0.495 ± 0.007^b	0.51 ± 0.005^ab	0.525 ± 0.005^a
LCb^***	0.252 ± 0.003^a	0.234 ± 0.003^b	0.253 ± 0.005^a	0.219 ± 0.004^c	0.254 ± 0.004^a	0.255 ± 0.004^a
CI^***	2.043 ± 0.036^b	2.217 ± 0.045^a	2.0.58 ± 0.059^b	2.30 ± 0.054^a	2.051 ± 0.043^b	2.082 ± 0.038^b
CT	4.557 ± 0.208^a	2.490 ± 0.244^c	2.569 ± 0.231^c	2.740 ± 0.250^c	3.580 ± 0.264^b	2.863 ± 0251^c
CT	6.111 ± 0.290	6.932 ± 0.143	6.477 ± 0.147	6.475 ± 0.221	6.419 ± 0.279	6.825 ± 0.19^NS
CT	1.389 ± 0.307^a	1.455 ± 0.188^a	0.628 ± 0.099^b	0.650 ± 0.105^b	0.953 ± 0.24^ab	0.486 ± 0.126^b
CSc^***	1.461 ± 0.086^c	1.794 ± 0.139^c	1.870 ± 0.146^c	2.317 ± 0189^b	3.280 ± 0.192^a	2.960 ± 0.179^a
A	32.657 ± 0.303^c	32.78 ± 0.334^bc	34.353 ± 0.397^a	33.75 ± 0.36^ab	32.860 ± 0.29^bc	33.216 ± 0.29^bc
B	105.72 ± 0.62^a	103.84 ± 0.78^ab	101.71 ± 0.85^c	104.23 ± 0.89^a	103.50 ± 0.52^bc	102.61 ± 0.64^bc
D	103.51 ± 0.462	102.00 ± 0.463	101.78 ± 0.486	102.77 ± 0.49	102.38 ± 0.470	102.61 ± 0.39^NS
E	20.313 ± 0.182^a	20.340 ± 0.257^a	20.235 ± 0.199^a	19.44 ± 0.277^c	20.260 ± 0.213^a	19.64 ± 0.137^b
J	52.94 ± 0.426^bc	54.620 ± 0.481^a	54.16 ± 0.599^ab	51.98 ± 0.409^c	53.88 ± 0.45^ab	54.706 ± 0.62^a
J	89.81 ± 0.624^b	89.960 ± 0.404^b	89.235 ± 0.63^b	91.89 ± 0.554^a	90.24 ± 0.593^b	90.49 ± 0.47^ab
N	89.73 ± 0.574^bc	89.50 ± 0.432^bc	88.39 ± 0.539^c	92.08 ± 0.415^a	89.920 ± 0.558	90.24 ± 0.576^b
L	15.657 ± 0.202^a	16.000 ± 0.232^a	15.882 ± 0.152^a	14.17 ± 0.184^c	15.82 ± 0.168^a	14.824 ± 0.17^b
K	77.791 ± 0.366	76.960 ± 0.427	77.549 ± 0.431	76.712 ± 0.372	77.380 ± 0.460	77.804 ± 0.44^NS
O	36.388 ± 0.33^ab	37.32 ± 0.387^a	36.157 ± 0.29^b	36.096 ± 0.34^b	36.80 ± 0.304^ab	35.745 ± 0.42^b
G	94.746 ± 0.424^b	96.340 ± 0.444^a	93.31 ± 0.439^cd	92.19 ± 0.36^de	94.28 ± 0.543^bc	91.26 ± 0.468^e

^NS,*,**,*** non significant and significant at 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 respectively.