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Table I
Physical properties and composition of the honeys from Plebeia wittmanni (n = 10) and Tetragonisca angustula fiebrigi (n = 12).
| Determination | Plebeia wittmanni | Tetragonisca angustula |
|---|---|---|
| fiebrigi | ||
| Colour (Lovibond units) Range ± SD |
134 ± 11a
128 ± 2 – 140 ± 2 |
92.5 ± 10b
80 ± 2– 105 ± 1 |
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| pH Range ± SD |
3.25 ± 0.25a
2.0 ± 0.1 – 4.0 ± 0.15 |
4.25 ± 0.5b
3.5 ± 0.01– 4.5 ± 0.15 |
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| Acidity (meq/kg) Range ± SD |
117.5 ± 1.25a
45.06 ± 0.50 – 190.90 ± 2.00 |
71.90 ± 2.25b
45.40 ± 2.00– 98.40 ± 2.50 |
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| Refractive index Range ± SD |
1.27 ± 0.10c
0.75 ± 0.06 – 1.79 ± 0.09 |
1.47 ± 0.11c
0.98 ± 0.85– 1.96 ± 0.95 |
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| Conductivity (μS/ cm) Range ± SD |
50.9 ± 2.0a
39.80 ± 1.23 – 62.00 ± 0.98 |
28.2 ± 2.1b
17.47 ± 2.01– 38.93 ± 1.95 |
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| Moisture content (g/100 g) Range ± SD |
12.35 ± 1.70a
9.35 ± 1.20 – 15.40 ± 2.10 |
17.05 ± 1.85b
11.10 ± 0.90– 23.00 ± 1.25 |
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| Ash content by controlled heating (g/100 g)(Range ± SD) |
0.16 ± 0.01a 0.23 ± 0.02 – 0.09 ± 0.02 |
0.07 ± 0.01b
0.05 ± 0.01– 0.09 ± 0.01 |
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| Total sugars (g/100 g) Range ± SD |
72.71 ± 3.70c
61.40 ± 1.60 – 84.02 ± 1.50 |
80.50 ± 7.50c
71.82 ± 0.90– 89.19 ± 1.20 |
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| Reducing sugars (g/100 g) Range ± SD |
69.55 ± 6.95c
57.16 ± 0.90 – 81.94 ± 1.65 |
65.80 ± 4.60c
47.46 ± 1.25– 84.24 ± 2.10 |
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| Sucrose (g/100 g) Range ± SD |
4.01 ± 0.37a ; 3.30 ± 0.80 – 5.85 ± 0.25 |
8.59 ± 0.67b
2.80 ± 9.98 |
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| Fructose (g/100 g) Range ± SD |
45.05 ± 0.71a 32.52 ± 1.50 – 57.52 ± 1.75 |
39.98 ± 1.80b
25.70 ± 1.02– 54.26 ± 1.24 |
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| Glucose (g/100 g) Range ± SD |
21.82 ± 0.20c
16.00 ± 1.20 – 24.20 ± 1.65 |
22.00 ± 0.65c
17.05 ± 1.24– 26.95 ± 1.85 |
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| Oligosaccharides (g/100 g) Range ± SD |
7.45 ± 0.82a
3.65 ± 0.65 – 11.25 ± 1.11 |
20.62 ± 1.05b
7.24 ± 1.30– 34.00 ± 0.95 |
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| Proteins(g/100 g) Range ± SD |
1.78 ± 0.32c
1.40 ± 0.30 – 2.16 ± 0.45 |
2.02 ± 0.56 1.10 ± 0.35– 2.94 ± 0.55 |
Values are the minimum and maximum averages of each determination ± SD.Different letters in the same row of the Table indicate significant differences between honey physical properties/composition of Plebeia wittmanni and Tetragonisca angustula fiebrigi.