The impacts of an invasive alien plant and its removal on native bees

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Table I

Insect abundance on native plants [N], and on native versus alien plants in invaded sites [N vs. A], standardised as insects per inflorescence per hour, compared among treatments [T] and sites (nested within treatments S[T]) using parametric tests (ANCOVA F and ANOVA F) and non-parametric tests (Mood’s Median X²) . “Bee” = all bees including Bombus spp. Covariates include temperature (TP), cloud cover (CC) and wind force (WF). ns = non-significant results, ^*

P < 0.05,

^**

P < 0.001.

		Total insect	Bee	Bombus spp.	Syrphids
N	T	F_{2, 26} = 0.19 ns	F_{2, 26} = 0.69 ns	F_{2, 26} = 1.07 ns	F_{2, 26} = 0.48 ns
	S(T)	F_{6, 26} = 4.61 ns	F_{6, 26} = 1.15 ns	F_{6, 26} = 1.09 ns	F_{6, 26} = 2.26 ns
	TP	F_{1, 26} = 7.09^*	F_{1, 26} = 0.25 ns	F_{1, 26} = 0.33 ns	F_{1, 26} = 1.67 ns
	CC	F_{1, 26} = 12.80^*	F_{1, 26} = 1.68 ns	F_{1, 26} = 3.09 ns	F_{1, 26} = 0.63 ns
	WF	F_{1, 26} = 1.16 ns	F_{1, 26} = 0.16 ns	F_{1, 26} = 0.21 ns	F_{1, 26} = 0.45 ns
N vs. A		F_{1, 17} = 16.01 ^*	X²₁ = 18^**	X²₁ = 18^**	F_{1, 17} = 0.29 ns