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Table I
Staining localization in HPG of different age-group honey bee workers, treatments and time of treatments.
| Bee age-group (days) |
Treatment | Treatment duration (hours) |
Staining | Staining localization in HPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Imidacloprid |
– 24 – 48 – 48 – 24, – 48 – 48 |
Hsp 70 Hsp 70 Hsp 90 ISCDDK ApopTag |
Nuclei, cytoplasm Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, ducts Majority cell nuclei Approx. 50% cell nuclei |
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| 1–6 | Coumaphos |
– 24, – 48 – 24, – 48, – 72 – 24, – 48, – 72 – 48 |
Hsp70 Hsp90 ISCDDK ApopTag |
Cytoplasm, sporadic cell nuclei No cellular activity; only in ducts Majority cell nuclei Sporadic cell nuclei |
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| Control (untreated) |
Hsp70, Hsp90 ISCDDK ApopTag |
Cytoplasm, cell nuclei Sporadic cell nuclei Sporadic cell nuclei |
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Imidacloprid |
– 48 – 48 – 48 – 72 – 48, – 72 |
Hsp70 Hsp90 ISCDDK ISCDDK ApopTag |
4 Cytoplasm, sporadic cell nuclei No activity Approx. 50% cell nuclei Approx. 100% cell nuclei Approx. 10% cell nuclei |
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| 7–12 | Coumaphos |
– 24 – 48 – 48 – 24, – 48 |
Hsp70, Hsp90 Hsp70, Hsp90 ISCDDK ApopTag |
Cytoplasm Sporadic cell nuclei Majority cell nuclei Majority cell nuclei |
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| Control (untreated) |
Hsp70 Hsp90 ISCDDK, ApopTag |
Cytoplasm, sporadic cell nuclei Cytoplasm, all cell nuclei Sporadic cell nuclei |
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Imidacloprid |
– 24, – 72 – 24, – 72 – 48 – 24, – 72 |
Hsp70, Hsp90 ISCDDK ISCDDK ApopTag |
Cytoplasm, sporadic cell nuclei Approx. 50% cell nuclei Approx. 100% cell nuclei Approx. 50% cell nuclei |
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| 13–18 | Coumaphos |
– 24 – 24, – 48 – 24, – 48 – 24, – 48 |
Hsp70 Hsp90 ISCDDK ApopTag |
Cytoplasm Sporadic cell nuclei, cytoplasm Majority cell nuclei Sporadic cell nuclei |
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| Control (untreated) |
Hsp70, Hsp 90 ISCDDK ApopTag |
Cell nuclei Sporadic cell nuclei Sporadic cell nuclei |
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Imidacloprid |
– 24, – 48 – 24, – 48 – 24 – 24, – 48 |
Hsp 70 Hsp90 ISCDDK ApopTag |
Not intensive activity Sporadic cell nuclei, ducts Approx. 30% cell nuclei Approx. 100% cell nuclei |
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| 19–32 | Coumaphos |
– 48, – 72 – 72 – 48, – 72 |
Hsp70, Hsp90 ISCDDK ApopTag |
Cytoplasm, HPG ducts Approx. 50% cell nuclei Approx. 50% cell nuclei |
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| Control (untreated) |
Hsp70, Hsp90 ISCDDK, ApopTag |
Cytoplasm, cell nuclei Sporadic cell nuclei |
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