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Table II
Species of flowering plants recommended for pollinator conservation efforts in the US State of Illinois. Adapted from Barickman et al. (2008).
| Name | Family1 | Perennial2 | Sowing | Approx. | Native or | Sowing | Flowering | Notes and agricultural uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rate | seed cost | introduced | period | period | ||||
| (pounds | (dollars | |||||||
| per acre) | per pound) | |||||||
| Agastache scrophulariifolia | M | P (3+) | 4 | 200 | Native | Fall | July/August | Used on uncropped field edges |
| Borago officinalis | Bo | A | 15 | 30 | Introduced | Spring | May/Sept. | Used in fallow fields |
| Brassica napus | B | A | 10 | 4 | Introduced | Fall | June/July | Used in fallow fields |
| Dalea purpurea | F | P (3+) | 4 | 140 | Native | Fall | July | Used in uncropped field edges; grazing land |
| Lupinus perennis | F | P (3+) | 4 | 480 | Native | Fall | May | Used in uncropped field edges |
| Medicago sativa | F | P (3+) | 20 | 4 | Introduced | Winter | June/July | Used in fallow fields to improve soil, and as hay |
| Melilotus alba | F | B | 15 | 8 | Introduced | Winter | June/Sept. | Used in fallow fields to improve soil, and as hay |
| Monarda punctata | M | P (3+ | 4 | 320 | Native | Fall | July | Used in uncropped field edges |
| Penstemon digitalis | S | P (3+) | 4 | 220 | Native | Fall | June | Used in uncropped field edges |
| Raphanus sativus | B | B | 25 | 8 | Introduced | Spring | May/Aug. | Used in fallow fields to improve soil |
| Scilla siberica | L | P (2+) | N/A | N/A | Introduced | Fall | March/May | Used as an orchard understory planting, |
| planted as bulbs at a rate of 300/acre | ||||||||
| Silphium perfoliatum | A | P (3+) | 4 | 280 | Native | Fall | June/Aug. | Used in uncropped field edges |
| Solidago speciosa | A | P (3+) | 2 | 400 | Native | Fall | Sept/Nov. | Used in uncropped field edges |
| Symphyotrichum novae-angliae | A | P (3+) | 2 | 250 | Native | Fall | Sept/Nov. | Used in uncropped field edges |
| Trifolium repens | F | P (3+) | 10 | 5 | Introduced | Winter | May/Sept. | Used in fallow fields to improve soil, |
| and as an orchard understory plantings | ||||||||
| Trifolium pretense | F | P (2+) | 10 | 6 | Introduced | Winter | May/July | Used in fallow fields to improve soil, and as |
| an orchard understory planting | ||||||||
| Vicia atropurpurea | F | P (2+) | 40 | 10 | Introduced | Fall | June/July | Used in fallow fields, and as erosion control |
| plant on field and roadside edges |