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Table I
Geographical origins, altitude and colony sample sizes (n) of A. cerana used in the morphometric analysis of honeybees of Asia.
Country and locality | Coordinates | Alt. | n | Sources | M | S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | ||||||
1. Bidiwa | 34.56N 70.22E | 2206 | 4 | 6, 7, 8 | I | a |
2. Kabul | 34.31N 69.08E | 1795 | 2 | 6, 7, 8 | I | a |
3. Anhangaran | 34.30N 64.51E | 2062 | 2 | 6, 7, 8 | I | a |
Cambodia | ||||||
1. Sisophon | 13.37N 102.58E | 16 | 2 | 8 | IV | |
2. Stoeng Treng | 13.26N 106.00E | 99 | 5 | 8 | IV | |
3. Batdambang | 13.06N 103.13E | 40 | 4 | 8 | IV | |
4. Kompong Cham | 11.59N 105.26E | 21 | 3 | 8 | IV | |
5. Takeo | 10.58N 104.46E | 8 | 1 | 8 | IV | |
6. Kampot | 10.37N 104.11E | 21 | 2 | 8 | IV | |
China | ||||||
1. Jingyu (Jilin) | 42.23N 126.48E | 530 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | c |
2. Linjiang (Jilin) | 41.48N 126.54E | 309 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | c |
3. Xinbin (Liaoning) | 41.43N 125.02E | 323 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | c |
4. Jiangyuan (Jilin) | 41.34N 126.01E | 560 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | c |
5. Changbeishan (Jilin) | 41.24N 128.11E | 687 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | c |
6. Ji an (Jilin) | 40.55N 125.53E | 780 | 2 | 5, 14 | I | c |
7. Xiangshan (Beijing) | 39.58N 116.12E | 76 | 4 | 6, 14 | I | c |
8. Beijing | 39.55N 116.23E | 63 | 8 | 6, 14 | I | c |
9. Jingbian (Shaanxi) | 37.36N 108.45E | 1370 | 2 | 5, 14 | I | c |
10. Suide (Shaanxi) | 37.29N 110.15E | 885 | 1 | 5, 14 | I | c |
11. Qingjian (Shaanxi) | 37.15N 110.15E | 1200 | 2 | 5, 14 | I | c |
12. Qingcheng (Ganshu) | 36.04N 107.52E | 1258 | 2 | 5, 14 | I | ? |
13. Guyuanxi (Ningxia) | 36.04N 106.16E | 1671 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | ? |
14. Taiqian (Henan) | 36.00N 115.45E | 460 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | d |
15. Mengjin (Shandong) | 35.42N 117.55E | 180 | 5 | 5, 14 | I | c/d |
16. Pingliang (Ganshu) | 35.32N 106.41E | 1355 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | ? |
17. Dingxili (Ganshu) | 35.13N 103.57E | 2024 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | c |
18. Mengjin (Henan) | 34.57N 112.30E | 180 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | d |
19. Tianshui (Ganshu) | 34.48N 105.32E | 1200 | 2 | 5, 14 | I | c |
20. Shanxian (Henan) | 34.45N 111.18E | 360 | 4 | 5, 14 | I | d |
21. Lingtan (Ganshu) | 34.34N 103.50E | 1154 | 2 | 5, 14 | I | c |
22. Mingxian (Ganshu) | 34.33N 103.51E | 2439 | 7 | 5, 14 | I | c |
23. Ruyang (Henan) | 34.09N 112.27E | 750 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | d |
24. Lushi (Henan) | 34.02N 111.01E | 100 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | d |
25. Yuwaqu (Sichuan) | 33.55N 103.28E | 3 | 5, 14 | I | c | |
26. Jiaoqu (Sichuan) | 33.37N 104.39E | 3 | 5, 14 | I | c | |
27. Zhumadia (Henan) | 33.30N 113.45E | 72 | 1 | 5, 14 | I | d |
28. Yonglezheng (Sichuan) | 33.30N 104.26E | 2 | 5, 14 | I | c | |
29. Wujiaoxiang (Sichuan) | 33.15N 104.22E | 3 | 5, 14 | I | c | |
30. Jiuzhaigon (Sichuan) | 32.36N 103.54E | 1200 | 4 | 5, 14 | I | c |
31. Xinyangnan (Henan) | 32.05N 114.07E | 1100 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | d |
32. Shengnongjia (Hubei) | 31.43N 110.43E | 1166 | 6 | 5, 14 | I | d |
33. Chengdhu (Sichuan) | 30.40N 104.04E | 529 | 5 | 5, 14 | I | c/d |
34. Huangshan (Anhui) | 30.10N 118.21E | 300 | 2 | 5, 14 | I | d |
35. Anyue (Sichuan) | 30.08N 105.37E | 325 | 2 | 5, 14 | I | d |
36. Ya-an (Sichuan) | 29.58N 103.04E | 588 | 10 | 5, 14 | I | c |
37. Chongqin (Sichuan) | 29.15N 107.12E | 608 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | d |
38. Pingjian (Hunan) | 28.53N 113.56E | 57 | 1 | 5, 14 | I | d |
39. Hengdong (Hunan) | 27.04N 112.57E | 34 | 4 | 5, 14 | I | d |
40. Lijiang (Yunnan) | 26.52N 100.13E | 2680 | 2 | 6, 8,14 | I | d |
41. Wugan (Hunan) | 26.48N 110.51E | 420 | 1 | 5, 14 | I | d |
42. Yuxian (Hunan) | 26.31N 113.31E | 280 | 1 | 5, 14 | I | d |
43. Huzhou (Hujian) | 26.15N 119.20E | 168 | 1 | 5, 14 | I | d |
44. Sayinpan (Yunnan) | 26.01N 102.31E | 2279 | 2 | 6, 8,14 | I | d |
45. Lushui (Yunnan) | 25.57N 98.49E | 1950 | 2 | 6, 8,14 | I | d |
46. Huize (Yunnan) | 25.55N 103.26E | 1550 | 1 | 6, 8,14 | I | e |
47. Binchuan (Yunnan) | 25.51N 100.33E | 1690 | 2 | 6, 8,14 | I | d |
48. Yuangbi (Yunnan) | 25.39N 99.56E | 1810 | 2 | 6, 8,14 | I | d |
49. Huichang (Jiangxi) | 25.36N 115.47E | 460 | 3 | 5, 14 | I | d |
50. Jianghua (Hunan) | 25.01N 111.45E | 305 | 1 | 5, 14 | I | d |
51. Pingle (Guangxi) | 24.45N 107.58E | 2 | 5, 14 | I | d | |
52. Zhenkang (Yunnan) | 24.00N 98.55E | 868 | 2 | 6, 8,14 | I | e |
53. Laibin (Guangxi) | 23.41N 109.16E | 180 | 1 | 6, 8,14 | I | e |
54. Kaiyuan (Yunnan) | 23.41N 102.05E | 1148 | 2 | 6, 8,14 | I | e |
55. Yuanjian (Yunnan) | 23.35N 101.59E | 1500 | 1 | 5, 14 | I | e |
56. Caoba (Yunnan) | 23.32N 103.23E | 1293 | 2 | 6, 8,14 | I | e |
57.Guangzhou (Guangdon) | 23.11N 112.48E | 100 | 1 | 5, 14 | I | e |
58. Nanhai (Guangdon) | 23.01N 113.08E | 8 | 2 | 5, 14 | I | e |
59. Pingbian (Yunnan) | 22.50N 103.43E | 1400 | 2 | 6, 8,14 | I | e |
60. Simao (Yunnan) | 22.43N 100.56E | 1100 | 2 | 6, 8,14 | I | e |
61. Hekou (Yunnan) | 22.30N 103.57E | 122 | 2 | 6, 8,14 | I | e |
62. Hong Kong | 22.16N 114.09E | 88 | 12 | 5, 14 | I | d/e |
63. Jinghong (Yunnan) | 21.55N 100.52E | 600 | 2 | 6, 8,14 | I | e |
64. Yongxing (Hainan) | 19.53N 110.15E | 150 | 1 | 5, 8,14 | I | e |
65. Dingan (Hainan) | 19.41N 110.19E | 200 | 1 | 5, 8,14 | I | e |
66. Wenchang (Hainan) | 19.37N 110.45E | 80 | 1 | 5, 8,14 | I | e |
67.Qiongzhong (Hainan) | 19.02N 109.50E | 260 | 1 | 5, 8,14 | I | e |
68. Jianfeng (Hainan) | 18.42N 108.48E | 100 | 2 | 5, 8,14 | I | e |
India | ||||||
1. Gurais | 34.37N 74.53E | 2364 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | a |
2. Kupwara | 34.31N 74.16E | 1811 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | a |
3. Dras | 34.26N 75.46E | 2977 | 4 | 4, 8 | I | a |
4. Sonamarg | 34.18N 75.21E | 2740 | 6 | 4, 6,8 | I | a |
5. Srinagar | 34.08N 74.50E | 1768 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | a |
6. Tral | 33.56N 75.10E | 2007 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | a |
7. Rajouri | 33.23N 74.21E | 938 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | a |
8. Kishtwar | 33.19N 75.48E | 1664 | 6 | 4, 6,8 | I | a |
9. Katra | 33.03N 74.57E | 753 | 1 | 6, 8 | I | a |
10. Dalhousie | 32.32N 75.58E | 2036 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | b |
11. Katrain | 32.05N 77.08E | 1463 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | b |
12. Kangra | 32.05N 76.16E | 700 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | b |
13. Mandi | 31.43N 76.50E | 761 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | b |
14. Pooh | 31.40N 78.34E | 2837 | 5 | 4, 6,8 | I | b |
15. Roghi | 31.32N 78.15E | 3017 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | b |
16. Bhareri | 31.23N 76.34E | 1007 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | b |
17. Bagi | 31.15N 77.27E | 2648 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | b |
18. Bilaspur | 31.15N 76.40E | 587 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | b |
19. Shimla | 31.07N 77.10E | 2206 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | b |
20. Solan | 30.50N 77.08E | 1530 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | b |
21. Nahan | 30.33N 77.21E | 905 | 5 | 4, 8 | I | b |
22. Dehradun | 30.30N 78.08E | 762 | 4 | 4, 8 | II | a |
23. Gubudia | 30.21N 80.32E | 1 | 6, 8 | II | a | |
24. Pauri | 30.12N 78.48E | 1550 | 2 | 4, 8 | II | a |
25. Haridwar | 30.02N 78.08E | 330 | 2 | 4, 8 | II | a |
26. Chaubattia | 29.55N 79.00E | 212 | 4 | 4, 8 | II | a |
27. Almora | 29.36N 79.40E | 1651 | 5 | 4, 8 | II | a |
28. Lohaghat | 29.25N 80.06E | 1754 | 5 | 4, 8 | II | a |
29. Nainital | 29.23N 79.32E | 1920 | 2 | 4, 8 | II | a |
30. Jeolikote | 29.16N 79.46E | 1250 | 5 | 4, 8 | II | a |
31. Haldwani | 29.13N 79.31E | 424 | 5 | 4, 8 | II | a |
32. Budaun | 28.02N 79.07E | 169 | 5 | 4, 8 | II | a |
33. Itanagar | 27.08N 93.40E | 440 | 2 | 4, 8 | II | c |
34. Gangtok | 27.02N 88.40E | 1818 | 3 | 4, 8 | II | c |
35. Kurseong | 26.56N 88.20E | 1458 | 3 | 4, 8 | II | c |
36. Lucknow | 26.50N 80.54E | 131 | 5 | 4, 8 | II | c |
37. Khoirabari | 26.38N 91.51E | 134 | 5 | 4, 8 | II | c |
38. Bongaigaon | 26.28N 90.32E | 76 | 3 | 4, 8 | II | c |
39. Guwahati | 26.11N 91.47E | 56 | 2 | 4, 8 | II | c |
40. Dimapur | 25.54N 93.48E | 134 | 2 | 4, 8 | II | c |
41. Kohima | 25.41N 94.06E | 1261 | 6 | 4, 8 | II | c |
42. Shillong | 25.34N 91.56E | 1496 | 3 | 4, 8 | II | c |
43. Mao | 25.30N 94.07E | 1470 | 3 | 4, 8 | II | c |
44. Ukhrul | 25.08N 94.23E | 1662 | 5 | 4, 8 | II | c |
45. Silchar | 24.50N 92.51E | 22 | 3 | 4, 8 | II | c |
46. Imphal | 24.49N 93.58E | 786 | 5 | 4, 8 | II | c |
47. Moirang | 24.30N 93.48E | 766 | 5 | 4, 8 | II | c |
48. Churachandpur | 24.20N 93.40E | 922 | 4 | 4, 8 | II | c |
49. Aizawl | 23.45N 92.45E | 1018 | 5 | 4, 8 | II | c |
50. Calcutta | 22.34N 88.21E | 13 | 1 | 8 | III | ? |
51. Poona | 18.32N 73.48E | 570 | 3 | 6, 8 | III | |
52. Bangarapet | 12.58N 78.12E | 61 | 5 | 6, 8 | III | |
53. Bangalore | 12.58N 77.34E | 1458 | 5 | 8 | III | |
54. Yarakapadi | 12.18N 78.38E | 5 | 8 | III | ||
55. Ooty | 11.24N 76.42E | 2214 | 5 | 6, 8 | III | |
56. Coonoor | 11.21N 76.49E | 1502 | 5 | 8 | III | |
57. Nilambor | 11.16N 76.15E | 61 | 5 | 8 | III | |
58. Ernakulam | 9.58N 76.16E | 3 | 5 | 8 | III | |
59. Kottayam | 9.35N 76.31E | 3 | 5 | 8 | III | |
60. Pon Mudi | 8.44N 77.04E | 134 | 5 | 8 | III | |
61. Trivandrum | 8.28N 76.55E | 0 | 2 | 8 | III | |
62. Kanyakumari | 8.05N 77.34E | 0 | 5 | 8 | III | |
Indonesia | ||||||
Sumatera | ||||||
1. Medan | 3.35N 98.40E | 50 | 1 | 6, 9 | VI | b |
2. Purbatongah | 2.53N 98.42E | 1197 | 2 | 2, 9 | VI | b |
3. Bengkalis | 1.28N 102.07E | < 50 | 2 | 2, 9 | VI | b |
4. Pekanbaru | 0.32N 101.25E | 16 | 1 | 6, 9 | VI | ? |
5. Sentajo Taluk | 0.31N 101.34E | < 100 | 2 | 6, 9 | VI | b |
6. Kampar | 0.21N 101.25E | < 100 | 3 | 6, 9 | VI | b |
7. Bangkinang | 0.21N 101.10E | 59 | 1 | 9, 11 | VI | b |
8. Suliki | 0.06N 100.27E | 585 | 2 | 2, 9 | VI | b |
9. Padang | 0.55S 100.17E | 98 | 1 | 6, 9 | VI | c |
Kalimantan | ||||||
1. Barabai | 2.34S 115.22E | 100 | 2 | 2, 9 | VI | a |
Sulawesi | ||||||
1. Lolu | 0.45S 119.46E | 23 | 3 | 2 | V | c |
2. Palu | 0.54S 119.51E | 23 | 5 | 2 | V | c |
3. Rahmat | 1.25S 120.11E | 630 | 6 | 2 | V | c |
4. Kamarora | 1.25S 120.11E | 630 | 6 | 2, 3, 9 | V | c |
5. Tappalang | 2.51S 118.53E | 50 | 1 | 2 | VI | b |
6. Kambuno | 3.14S 120.05E | 893 | 1 | 2 | VI | b |
7. Sinjai | 5.07S 120.15E | ∼ 300 | 2 | 2 | VI | b |
8. Bantaeng | 5.32S 119.57E | 23 | 8 | 2 | VI | b |
9. Bulukumba | 5.35S 120.13E | 1 | 18 | 2 | VI | b |
10. Jeneponto | 5.42S 119.44E | 10 | 3 | 2, 3, 9 | VI | b |
Java | ||||||
1. Jakarta | 6.10S 106.47E | 1 | 2 | 6, 9 | VI | c |
2. Parungpanjang | 6.20S 106.32E | 91 | 8 | 6, 3, 9 | VI | c |
3. Tjandjoer(=Cianjur) | 6.50S 107.09E | 472 | 3 | 3, 9 | VI | c |
4. Sukabumi | 6.55S 106.55E | 21 | 8 | 6, 9, 11 | VI | c |
5. Kebasen | 7.31S 109.10E | 58 | 1 | 2 | VI | c |
6. Klaten | 7.42S 110.34E | 193 | 3 | 2 | VI | c |
7. Tretes | 7.51S 112.34E | 900 | 4 | 2, 3, 9, 11 | VI | c |
8. Bantul | 7.54S 110.19E | 36 | 1 | 9, 11 | VI | c |
Bali | ||||||
1. Karangasem | 8.26S 115.37E | 0 | 1 | 9, 11 | VI | c |
2. Tunjungan | 8.37S 115.05E | 152 | 5 | 3, 9 | VI | c |
Lombok | ||||||
1. Senggigi/Gunungsari | 8.30S 116.30E | 334 | - | 3 | ||
2. Lombok | 8.30S 116.40E | 6 | 1 | 6, 9 | VI | b |
Sumbawa | ||||||
1. Sumbawa | 8.29S 117.25E | 79 | 1 | 6, 9 | VI | ? |
Flores | ||||||
1. Labuhanbadjo | 8.31S 119.53E | 153 | 2 | 6, 9 | VI | ? |
2. Ende | 8.51S 121.40E | 0 | - | 3 | ||
Timor | ||||||
1. Loli | 9.40S 124.31E | 322 | 1 | 6, 9 | VI | b |
2. Kupang | 10.13S 123.38E | 74 | - | 3 | ||
Ambon | ||||||
1. Ambon | 3.35S 128.09E | 297 | 1 | 6, 9 | VI | b |
Irian Jaya | ||||||
1. Koya Timur | 2.32S 140.42E | ? | 3 | 6, 9 | VI | c |
Japan | ||||||
1. Morioka | 39.42N 141.09E | 135 | 1 | This study | I | f |
2. Tokio | 35.41N 139.46E | 14 | 4 | This study, 6 | I | f |
3. Fukuoka | 35.34N 137.26E | 330 | 1 | 6, 9 | I | f |
4. Yamanashi | 34.47N 137.54E | 34 | 1 | 6, 9 | I | f |
5. Kanagawa | 34.47N 133.55E | 65 | 1 | This study | I | f |
6. Yamaguchi | 34.16N 135.16E | 53 | 3 | 1, 9 | I | f |
7. Izuhara | 34.14N 129.15E | 23 | 4 | 6, 9 | I | f |
8. Oishi | 33.25N 130.35E | 60 | 1 | 1, 9 | I | f |
9. Nishijima | 33.25N 130.35E | 25 | 1 | 1, 9 | I | f |
10. Sakashita | 32.45N 129.52E | 35 | 1 | 1, 9 | I | f |
11. Kamata | 32.40N 131.41E | 93 | 1 | 1, 9 | I | f |
12. Noze | 32.13N 130.59E | 460 | 1 | 1, 9 | I | f |
13. Koshinoo | 32.12N 131.15E | 330 | 1 | 1, 9 | I | f |
14. Kaname | 32.11N 130.42E | 520 | 1 | 1, 9 | I | f |
15. Yumino | 32.01N 130.12E | 30 | 1 | 1, 9 | I | f |
16. Iwangochi | 30.17N 130.59E | 320 | 1 | 1, 9 | I | f |
Korea | ||||||
1. Seoul | 37.34N 126.59E | 33 | 5 | This study, 6 | I | f |
2. Pusan | 35.42N 128.01E | 312 | 7 | This study | I | f |
Malaysia (mainland) | ||||||
1. Kuala Nerang | 6.14N 100.53E | 55 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
2. Kota Baharu | 6.07N 102.15E | 1 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
3. Serdang | 5.16N 100.34E | 75 | 2 | 8 | VI | b |
4. Marang | 5.13N 103.14E | 1 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
5. Selama | 5.12N 100.40E | 53 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
6. Ringlet (Fraser’s Hill) | 4.24N 101.22E | 2 | 6, 8 | VI | b | |
7. Sitiawan | 4.11N 100.42E | 1 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
8. Kampung Tembeleng | 4.06N 102.20E | 1 | 8 | VI | b | |
9. Jerantut | 3.56N 102.16E | 109 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
10. Pekan | 3.29N 103.23E | 0 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
11. Temerloh | 3.28N 102.25E | 34 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
12. Kemaman | 3.28N 103.20E | 0 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
13. Tanjong Karang | 3.26N 101.10E | 4 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
14. Kuala Lumpur | 3.08N 101.42E | 61 | 1 | 6, 8 | VI | b |
15. Kajang | 2.59N 101.46E | 30 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
16. Pontian | 2.45N 103.31E | 0 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
17. Kuala Selangor | 2.34N 101.44E | 1 | 6, 8 | VI | b | |
18. Port Dickson | 2.31N 101.48E | 0 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
19. Mersing | 2.25N 103.50E | 8 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
20. Kota Tinggi | 1.45N 103.53E | 6 | 1 | 8 | VI | b |
North Borneo (Malaysia) | ||||||
1. Kota Belud | 6.21N 116.25E | 65 | 7 | 6, 9 | VI | a |
2. Mt Kinabalu | 6.04N 116.27E | 3943 | 3 | 6, 9 | VI | a |
3. Tambunan | 5.40N 116.21E | 792 | 7 | 6, 9 | VI | a |
4. Apin Apin | 5.28N 116.16E | 452 | 1 | 6, 9 | VI | a |
5. Tenom | 5.07N 115.56E | 231 | 7 | 3, 6, 9, 10 | VI | a |
6. Tawau | 4.14N 117.52E | 98 | 13 | 6, 9 | VI | a |
7. Kuching | 1.33N 110.19E | 7 | 2 | 9 | VI | a |
Myanmar | ||||||
1. Putao | 27.22N 97.27E | 534 | 5 | 8 | I | e |
2. Myitkyina | 25.24N 97.25E | 158 | 5 | 8 | IV | |
3. Kalay | 23.14N 94.00E | 85 | 5 | 8 | IV | |
4. Lashio | 22.58N 97.48E | 837 | 5 | 8 | IV | |
5. Hakha | 22.38N 93.39E | 1867 | 5 | 8 | IV | |
6. Pyin-oo-Lwin | 22.02N 96.35E | 1028 | 5 | 8 | IV | |
7. Paletwa | 21.25N 92.49E | 88 | 5 | 8 | IV | |
8. Ywa-Ngan | 21.10N 96.25E | 5 | 8 | IV | ||
9. Magwe | 20.08N 94.55E | 50 | 5 | 8 | IV | |
10. Tha-Hton | 20.06N 96.13E | 5 | 8 | IV | ||
11. Than Taung | 19.01N 96.34E | 120 | 5 | 8 | IV | |
12. Taikkyi | 17.18N 95.57E | 5 | 2 | 6, 8 | IV | |
13. Bongalay | 16.15N 95.23E | 7 | 5 | 8 | IV | |
Nepal | ||||||
1. Lali | 29.49N 80.36E | 1097 | 3 | 4, 7 | II | b |
2. Lanakedareshwar | 29.22N 80.56E | 1360 | 3 | 4, 7 | II | b |
3. Ghughuti | 29.18N 82.12E | 2470 | 5 | 4, 7 | I | |
4. Vinaula | 29.18N 82.18E | 2895 | 5 | 4, 7 | II | b |
5. Navadurga | 29.15N 80.27E | 1837 | 5 | 4, 7 | II | b |
6. Sharmali | 29.14N 80.25E | 1635 | 3 | 4, 7 | II | b |
7. Durg | 29.10N 81.20E | 1345 | 5 | 4, 7 | II | b |
8. Liwang | 28.25N 82.40E | 1500 | 5 | 4, 7 | II | b |
9. Jumla | 28.24N 83.33E | 2662 | 2 | 6, 8 | I | |
10. Laltibang | 28.20N 82.30E | 900 | 5 | 4, 7 | II | b |
11. Lumle | 28.20N 84.00E | 1400 | 5 | 4, 7 | II | b |
12. Ghorahi | 28.05N 82.20E | 400 | 5 | 4, 7 | III | |
13. Tansen | 27.55N 83.40E | 1067 | 5 | 4, 7 | II | b |
14. Suspa | 27.44N 86.10E | 1600 | 5 | 4, 7 | II | b |
15. Kathmandu | 27.41N 85.16E | 1344 | 3 | 6, 8 | II | b |
16. Nawakot | 27.41N 85.43E | 743 | 1 | 6, 8 | II | b |
17. Sidheshwar | 27.18N 85.56E | 1463 | 3 | 4, 7 | II | b |
18. Homtang | 27.10N 87.10E | 600 | 5 | 4, 7 | III | |
19. Virgaon | 27.05N 87.51E | 1200 | 5 | 4, 7 | II | b |
20. Letang | 26.40N 87.25E | 250 | 5 | 4, 7 | III | |
Pakistan | ||||||
1. Peshawar | 34.00N 71.32E | 317 | 7 | 6, 7 | I | a |
2. Bulchok/Swat | 33.33N 71.53E | 349 | 1 | 6, 7 | ? | |
3. Thari | 27.13N 68.33E | 41 | 1 | 6, 7 | ? | |
Philippines | ||||||
Luzon | ||||||
1. Batac | 18.03N 120.33E | 41 | 5 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
2. San Vincente | 17.45N 120.25E | 5 | 1 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
3. Caba | 16.47N 121.08E | 770 | 1 | 6, 9 | V | |
4. San Fernando | 16.36N 120.18E | 55 | 2 | 6, 9 | VI | a |
5. Tublay | 16.26N 120.34E | 1000 | 1 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
6. Baguio City | 16.24N 120.35E | 1450 | 7 | 6, 9,15 | V | |
7. San Jose City | 15.46N 120.58E | 2 | 1 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
8. Quezon City | 14.39N 121.01E | 34 | - | 3, 9 | ||
9. Santa Cruz | 14.16N 121.24E | 18 | 1 | 3, 9 | V | |
10. Los Banos | 14.10N 121.21E | 41 | 1 | 9, 15 | V | |
11. Laguna City | 14.10N 121.17E | 5 | 2 | 3, 9, 15 | V | |
12. Rizal & Nagcarlan | 14.08N 121.24E | 252 | 4 | 9, 15 | ? | |
13. Alfonso | 14.08N 120.50E | 431 | 1 | 6, 9 | V | |
14. Tanauan | 14.05N 121.08E | 159 | 1 | 6, 9 | V | |
15. Batangas | 13.45N 121.03E | 51 | 1 | 6, 9 | VI | a |
16. Sorsogon | 12.58N 124.00E | 4 | 1 | 6, 9 | VI | a |
Mindoro | ||||||
1. Min Oriental | 13.24N 121.10E | ∼ 750 | 1 | 6, 9 | V | |
Palawan | ||||||
1. El Nido | 11.11N 119.22E | 95 | 4 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
2. Taytay | 10.48N 119.26E | 159 | 3 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
3. Roxas | 10.19N 119.20E | 11 | 6 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
4. Puerta Princesa | 9.44N 118.43E | 0 | 11 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
5. Aborlan | 9.26N 118.31E | 3 | 9 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
6. Quezon | 9.15N 117.58E | 0 | 8 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
7. Brooke’s Point | 8.46N 117.50E | 9 | 7 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
Visayas | ||||||
1. Valencia | 10.39N 122.42E | 4 | 5 | 6, 9,15 | V | |
2. San Joaquin | 10.35N 122.08E | 0 | 5 | 9, 15 | V | |
3. Hinunangan | 10.23N 125.11E | 1 | 3 | 6, 9 | V | |
4. Cebu | 10.19N 123.53E | 3 | 1 | 6, 9 | V | |
5. Isabela | 10.12N 122.59E | 64 | 2 | 9, 15 | V | |
6. Argao | 9.52N 123.36E | 0 | 2 | 6, 9,15 | V | |
7. Negros Occidental | 9.19N 123.03E | ∼ 500 | 1 | 9, 15 | V | |
Mindanao | ||||||
1. Carmen City | 8.58N 126.15E | 36 | 1 | 9, 15 | V | |
2. Cagayan de Oro | 8.29N 124.38E | 34 | 3 | 6, 9 | V | |
3. Kauswagan | 8.11N 124.05E | 72 | 1 | 3, 9 | V | |
4. Bunawan | 8.10N 125.59E | 19 | 1 | 9, 15 | V | |
5. Ozamis | 8.09N 123.50E | 1 | 1 | 9, 15 | V | |
6. Asuncion | 7.32N 125.44E | 13 | 2 | 6, 9 | V | |
7. Panabo | 7.22N 125.44E | 4 | 4 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
8. Samalia | 7.04N 125.42E | 7 | 1 | 9 | V | |
9. Kidapawan | 7.00N 125.05E | 251 | 3 | 9, 15 | V | |
10. Davao | 6.56N 125.46E | 0 | 4 | 9, 15 | V | |
11. Digos | 6.45N 125.21E | 0 | 3 | 9, 15 | V | |
12. Bacnotan | 6.42N 126.05E | ∼ 1200 | 1 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
13. Takurong | 6.40N 124.40E | 39 | 1 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
14. Malita | 6.24N 125.36E | 0 | 2 | 9, 15 | V | |
15. Hagonoy | 6.19N 125.37E | 17 | 1 | 9, 15 | VI | a |
16. Polomolok | 6.13N 125.03E | 264 | 1 | 9, 15 | V | |
17. General Santos City | 6.01N 125.16E | 16 | 1 | 9, 15 | V | |
Russia | ||||||
1. Ussuriysk | 43.48N 132.05E | 107 | 1 | This study | I | c |
2. Kedrovaya Pad | 43.40N 131.37E | 0 | 2 | This study | I | c |
3. Tavrichanka | 43.20N 131.50E | 48 | 2 | This study | I | c |
4. Romashka | 42.51N 131.18E | 12 | 3 | This study | I | c |
Sri Lanka | ||||||
1. Anuradhapura | 8.18N 80.24E | 82 | 4 | 6, 9 | III | |
2. Makandura | 7.19N 79.58E | 18 | 11 | 9, 13 | III | |
3. Kandy | 7.16N 80.37E | 473 | 1 | 6, 9 | III | |
4. Horana | 6.43N 80.04E | 90 | 5 | 3, 9 | III | |
Thailand | ||||||
1. Fang | 20.05N 99.30E | 471 | 1 | 6, 8 | IV | |
2. Chiang Rai | 19.56N 99.51E | 391 | - | 8, 12 | ||
3. Chiang Mai | 18.48N 98.59E | 295 | - | 8, 12 | ||
4. Lamphun | 18.36N 99.02E | 284 | - | 8, 12 | ||
5. Lampang | 18.16N 99.30E | 247 | - | 8, 12 | ||
6. Phrae | 18.07N 100.09E | 163 | - | 8, 12 | ||
7. Nong Khai | 17.52N 102.44E | 165 | - | 8, 12 | ||
8. Uttaradit | 17.38N 100.05E | 75 | - | 8, 12 | ||
9. Phitsanulok | 16.47N 100.16E | 44 | 1 | 6, 8, 12 | IV | |
10. Khon Kaen | 16.26N 102.49E | 182 | 3 | 6, 8, 12 | IV | |
11. Uthai Thani | 15.22N 100.03E | 22 | - | 8, 12 | ||
12. Nakhon Ratchasima | 15.00N 102.06E | 177 | - | 8, 12 | ||
13. Bangkok | 13.39N 100.31E | 0 | 2 | 6, 8 | IV | |
14. Rat Buri | 13.30N 99.50E | 6 | - | 8, 12 | ||
15. Samut Songkram | 13.25N 100.01E | 5 | - | 8, 12 | ||
16. Phet Buri | 13.05N 99.58E | 10 | - | 8, 12 | ||
17. Chantaburi | 12.36N 102.07E | 6 | 1 | 6, 8, 12 | ? | |
18. Chumphon | 10.30N 99.11E | 11 | - | 8, 12 | ||
19. Suratthani (Samui Is.) | 9.09N 99.20E | 2 | - | 8, 12 | ||
20. Phuket Is. | 7.52N 98.22E | 9 | - | 8, 12 | ||
21. Songkhla | 7.12N 100.35E | 15 | - | 8, 12 | ||
Vietnam | ||||||
1. Moc Chau | 20.51N 104.37E | 797 | 5 | 6, 8 | I | e |
2. Hoa Binh | 20.49N 105.19E | 295 | 4 | 6, 8 | I | e |
3. Cuc Phuong | 20.15N 105.58E | 656 | 5 | 6, 8 | I | e |
4. Duc Pho | 14.45N 109.59E | 10 | 2 | 8 | IV | |
5. Tam Quan | 14.34N 109.03E | 6 | 3 | 8 | IV | |
6. Pleiku | 13.57N 108.01E | 756 | 5 | 8 | IV | |
7. Buon Ma Thuot | 12.41N 108.02E | 481 | 2 | 8 | IV | |
8. M’drak | 12.37N 108.46E | 500 | 3 | 8 | IV | |
9. Ninh Hoa | 12.28N 109.07E | 12 | - | 8 | ||
10. Nha Tranh | 12.15N 109.10E | 4 | 5 | 8 | IV | |
11. Dalat | 11.56N 108.10E | 1500 | 4 | 8 | IV | |
12. Bao Loc | 11.33N 107.48E | 800 | 5 | 8 | IV | |
13. Ho Chi Minh City | 10.46N 106.43E | 3 | 5 | 8 | IV | |
14. Long Khanh | 10.38N 106.21E | 53 | 1 | 6, 8 | IV | |
15. Ben Tre | 10.16N 106.02E | 255 | 2 | 8 | IV | |
16. Can Tho | 10.03N 105.46E | 2 | 4 | 6, 8 | IV | |
17. Chan Thanh | 10.02N 105.47E | 2 | 1 | 6, 8 | IV | |
18. Can Dao (S’On Island) | 8.45N 106.35E | ± 1500 | 5 | 8 | IV |
1 = Akahira & Sakagami (1959a, b); 2 = Bagor database; 3 = Damus & Otis (1997); 4 = Hepburn et al. (2001b); 5 = Kunming database ; 6 = Oberursel database ; 7 = Radloff et al. (2005a); 8 = Radloff et al. (2005b); 9 = Radloff et al. (2005c); 10 = Rinderer et al. (1989); 11 = Sulistianto (1990); 12 = Sylvester et al. (1998); 13 = Szabo (1990); 14 = Tan Ken et al. (2008); 15 = Tilde et al. (2000).