Alternative control of Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) with lime and diatomaceous earth

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Table I

Individuals and mortality of A. tumida (%) from laboratory trials in South Africa, 16 days after setting wandering larvae A: on autoclaved soil mixed with different quantities of slaked lime for pupation (n = 10 larvae; N = 10 replicates). Results of the Kruskal-Wallis tests (KWT) and multiple comparison as post hoc tests, α = 0.05 are shown; column numbers followed by different letters indicate significant differences between them. B: on a layer of limed soil upon untreated soil (n = 20, N = 6). Results of Mann-Whitney U-tests (MWU, α = 0.05) are shown. Values indicate means ± SD, * treatments significantly different to the control: (P < 0.05).

Slaked lime per 100 g soil (South Africa)		Larvae		Pupae		Adults		Mortality
Slaked lime per 100 g soil (South Africa)		alive	dead	alive	dead	alive	dead	Mortality
	control	1.0 ± 3.2^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	99.0 ± 3.2^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a
A: Complete mixtures	5 g	89.0 ± 5.7^b	4.0 ± 5.2^a	2.0 ± 4.2^a	1.0 ± 3.2^a	4.0 ± 7.0^b	0.0 ± 0.0^a	5.0 ± 5.3^a
A: Complete mixtures	10 g	70 ± 22.6^b	28.0 ± 21.5	1.0 ± 3.2^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^b	1.0 ± 3.2^a	29.0 ± 22.3^b
	15 g	86.0 ± 17.8^b	14.0 ± 17.8^b	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^b	0.0 ± 0.0^a	14.0 ± 17.8^a

KWT: H₃ (N = 40)		25,11	17.64	3.9	3	33.67	3	17,20

B: Mixture as a layer	control	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	1.7 ± 2.6	98.3 ± 2.6	0.0 ± 0.0	1.7 ± 2.6
B: Mixture as a layer	15 g	1.7 ± 4.1	11.7 ± 8.2*	1.7 ± 2.6	1.7 ± 2.6	85.0 ± 8.9*	1.7 ± 4.1	13.5 ± 9.8*⁺

MWU	U	15	3	12	18	0	15	3

⁺

Abbott adjusted mortality.