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Table III

Discrepancy indices: “BR” (Brualdi and Sanderson, 1999), “NODF” (Almeida-Neto et al., 2008) and “d1” (Greve and Chown, 2006), BRSim, NODFSim = randomized value (1000 iterations), P = significance level.

Year BR BRSim Z-score P
Entire data set 2004 119 118.7 ± 5.3 0.056 0.5239
2005 88 89.3 ± 4.2 –0.310 0.3745

Without singletons 2004 88 87.1 ± 4.6 0.196 0.5723
2005 58 55.7 ± 3.5 0.657 0.7475


Year NODF NODFSim Z-score P

Entire data set 2004 24.0 24.4 ± 0.7 –0.63 0.264
2005 21.8 23.7 ± 0.7 –2.62 0.004

Without singletons 2004 34.1 34.6 ± 0.6 –0.87 0.192
2005 39.0 39.2 ± 0.7 –0.30 0.370


Year d1 d1Sim Z-score P

Entire data set 2004 0.529 0.528 ± 0.016 0.745 0.7704
2005 0.520 0.546 ± 0.018 0.815 0.7939

Without singletons 2004 0.492 0.477 ± 0.017 0.808 0.8081
2005 0.445 0.446 ± 0.019 0.491 0.6879