Open Access
Issue
Apidologie
Volume 40, Number 6, November-December 2009
Page(s) 634 - 650
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009062
Published online 14 October 2009
  • Almeida-Neto M., Guimarães P.R. Jr., and Lewinsohn T.M. (2007) On nestedness analyses: rethinking matrix temperature and anti-nestedness, Oikos 116, 716–722 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Almeida-Neto M., Guimarães P., Guimarães P.R. Jr., Loyola R.D., and Ulrich W.A. (2008) A consistent metric for nestedness analysis in ecological systems: reconciling concept and quantification, Oikos 117, 1227–1239 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Armbrecht I., Tischer I., and Chacon P. (2001) Nested subsets and partition patterns in ant assemblages (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Colombian dry forest fragments, Pan-Pac. Entomol. 77, 196–209 [Google Scholar]
  • Ashworth L., Aguilar R., Galetto L., and Aizen M.A. (2004) Why do pollination generalist and specialist plant species show similar reproductive susceptility to habitat fragmentation? J. Ecol. 92, 717–719 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Atmar W., and Patterson B.D. (1993) The measure of order and disorder in the distribution of species in fragmented habitats, Oecologia 96, 373–382 [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Atmar W., Patterson B.D. (1995) The nestedness temperature calculator. A visual basic program, including 294 presence-absence matrices, AICS Research, Inc., University Park, NM and The Field Museum, Chicago. [Google Scholar]
  • Barkman J.J., Doing H., and Segal S. (1964) Kritische Bemerkungen und Vorschläge zur quantitativen Vegetationsanalyse, Acta Bot. Neerlandica 13, 394–419 [Google Scholar]
  • Bascompte J., Jordano P. (2006) The structure of plant-animal mutualistic networks, in: Pascual M., Dunne J. (Eds.), Ecological networks, Oxford University Press, Oxford, US, pp. 143–159. [Google Scholar]
  • Bascompte J., Jordano P., Melián C.J., and Olesen J.M. (2003) The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (USA) 100, 9382–9387 [Google Scholar]
  • Beil M., Horn H., and Schwabe A. (2008): Analysis of pollen loads in a wild bee community (Hymenoptera: Apidae) – a method for elucidating habitat use and foraging distances, Apidologie 39, 456–467 [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  • Bloch C.P., Higgins C.L., and Willig M.R. (2007) Effects of large-scale disturbance on meta-community structure of terrestrial gastropods: temporal trends in nestedness, Oikos 116, 395–406 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Blüthgen N., Menzel F., Hovestadt T., Fiala B., and Blüthgen N. (2007) Specialization, constraints, and conflicting interests in mutualistic networks, Curr. Biol. 17, 341–346 [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Brualdi R.A., S, and erson J.G. (1999) Nested species subsets, gaps, and discrepancy, Oecologia 119, 256–264 [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Clements F.E. (1916) Plant succession. An analysis of the development of vegetation, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC. [Google Scholar]
  • Corbet S. (2000) Conserving compartments in pollination webs, Conserv. Biol. 14, 1229–1231 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Diamond J.M. (1975) Assembly of species communities, in: Cody M.L., Diamond J.D. (Eds.), Ecology and evolution of communities, Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, pp. 342–444. [Google Scholar]
  • Dicks L.V., Corbet S.A., and Pywell R.F. (2002) Compartmentalization in plant-insect flower visitor webs, J. Anim. Ecol. 71, 32–41 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Dormann C.F., Fründ J., Blüthgen N., and Gruber B. (2009) Indices, graphs and null models: analyzing bipartite ecological networks, The Open Ecol. J. 2, 7–24 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Dormann C.F., Gruber B., and Fründ J. (2008) Introducing the bipartite package: analysing ecological networks, RNews 8, 8–11 [Google Scholar]
  • Dupont Y.L., Hansen D.M., and Olesen J.M. (2003) Structure of a plant-flower-visitor network in the high-altitude sub-alpine desert of Tenerife, Canary Islands, Ecography 26, 301–310 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Ejrnaes R. (2000) Can we trust gradients extracted by Detrended Correspondence Analysis? J. Veg. Sci. 11, 565–572 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Fischer J., and Lindenmayer D.B. (2002) Treating the nestedness temperature calculator as a “black box” can lead to false conclusions, Oikos 99, 193–199 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Fischer J., and Lindenmayer D.B. (2005) Nestedness in fragmented landscapes: a case study on birds, arboreal marsupials and lizards, J. Biogeogr. 32, 1737–1750 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Fischer J., and Lindenmayer D.B. (2005) Perfectly nested or significantly nested – an important difference for conservation management, Oikos 109, 485–494 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Forup M.L., Henson K.S.E., Craze P.G., and Memmott J. (2008) The restoration of ecological interactions: plant-pollinator networks on ancient and restored heathlands, J. Appl. Ecol. 45, 742–752 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Fortuna M.A., and Bascompte J. (2006) Habitat loss and the structure of plant animal mutualistic networks, Ecol. Lett. 9, 281–286 [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Ganzhorn J.U., and Eisenbeiß B. (2001) The concept of nested species assemblages and its utlility for understanding effects of habitat fragmentation, Basic Appl. Ecol. 2, 87–95 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Gibson R.H., Nelson L., Hopkins G.W., Hamlett B.J., and Memmott J. (2006) Pollinator webs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants: arable weeds as a case study, J. Appl. Ecol. 43, 246–257 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Girvan M., and Newman M.E. (2002) Community structure in social and biological networks, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (USA) A99, 7821–7826 [Google Scholar]
  • Gleason H.A. (1926) The individualistic concept of the plant association, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53, 7–26 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Greve M., and Chown S.L. (2006) Endemicity biases nestedness metrics: a demonstration, explanation and solution, Ecography 29, 347–356 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Guimarães P.R., and Guimarães P. (2006) Improving the analysis of nestedness for large sets of matrices, Environ. Modell. Softw. 21, 1512–1513 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Ibáñez J.J., Caniego J., and García-Álvarez A. (2005) Nested subset analysis and taxa-range size distributions of pedological assemblages: implications for biodiversity studies, Ecol. Model. 182, 239–256 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Jordano P., Bascompte J., and Olesen J.M. (2003) Invariant properties in coevolutionary networks of plant-animal interactions, Ecol. Lett. 6, 69–81 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Kent M., Coker P. (1992) Vegetation description and analysis. A Practical Approach, Boca Raton: CRC Press. [Google Scholar]
  • Kratochwil A. (1984) Pflanzengesellschaften und Blütenbesuchergemeinschaften: biozönologische Untersuchungen in einem nicht mehr bewirtschafteten Halbtrockenrasen (Mesobrometum) im Kaiserstuhl (Südwestdeutschland), Phytocoenologia 11, 455–669 [Google Scholar]
  • Kratochwil A. (1988) Co-phenology of plants and entomophilous insects: a historical area-geographical interpretation, Entomol. Gen. 13, 67–80 [Google Scholar]
  • Kratochwil A. (2003) Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) as key-stone species: specifics of resource and requisite utilization in different habitat types, Ber. Reinh.-Tüxen-Ges. 15, 59–77 [Google Scholar]
  • Krause A.E., Frank K.A., Mason D.M., Ulanowitz R.E., and Tayler W.W. (2003) Compartments revealed in food web structure, Nature 426, 282–285 [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Leibold M.A., and Mikkelson G.M. (2002) Coherence, species turnover, and boundary clumping: elements of meta-community structure, Oikos 97, 237–250 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Lewinsohn T.M., Ináco Prado P., Jordano P., Bascompte J., and Olesen J.M. (2006) Structure in plant-animal interaction assemblages, Oikos 113, 174–184 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Memmott J. (1999) The structure of a plant-pollinator food web, Ecol. Lett. 2, 276–280 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Muller H. (2008) Identification and analysis of co-occurrence networks with NetCutter. – NetCutter 1.0 software documentation. [Google Scholar]
  • Olesen J.M., Eskildsen L.I., and Venkatasamy S. (2002) Invasion of oceanic island-pollination networks: importance of invader complexes and endemic super generalists, Diversity and Distribution 8, 181–192 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Olesen J.M., Bascompte J., Dupont Y.L., and Jordano P. (2008): The modularity of pollination networks, PNAS 104, 19891–19896 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Ollerton J., Johnson S.D., Cranmer L., and Kellie S. (2003) The pollination ecology of an assemblage of grassland asclepiads in South Africa, Ann. Bot. 92, 807–834 [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Paine R.T. (1992) Food-web analysis through field measurement of per capita interaction strength, Nature 355, 73–75 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Patterson B.D., and Atmar W. (1986) Nested subsets and the structure of insular mammalian faunas and archipelagos, Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 28, 65–82 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Philipp M., Böcher J., Siegismund H.R., and Nielsen L.R. (2006) Structure of a plant-pollinator network ona pahoehoe lava desert of the Galápagos Islands, Ecography 29, 531–540 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Pimm S.L., and Lawton J.H. (1980) Are food webs divided into compartments? J. Anim. Ecol. 49, 879–898 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • R Development Core Team (2008) R: A language and environment for statistical computing R. – Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org. [Google Scholar]
  • Raffaelli D., and Hall S. (1992) Compartments and predation in an estuarine food web, J. Anim. Ecol. 61, 551–560 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Rodriguéz-Gironés M.A., and Santamaría L. (2006) A new algorithm to calculate the nestedness temperature of presence-absence matrices, J. Biogeogr. 33, 924–935 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Simberloff D. (1983) Competition theory, hypothesis testing, and other community ecological buzzwords, Am. Nat. 122, 626–635 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Tilman D. (1982) Resource competition and community structure, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton. [Google Scholar]
  • Ulrich W. (2006a) Nestedness – a FORTRAN program for calculating ecological matrix temperatures. [Google Scholar]
  • Ulrich W. (2006b) CoOccurence – a FORTRAN program for species co-occurrence analysis. [Google Scholar]
  • Ulrich W., and Gotelli N.J. (2007) Null model analysis of species nestedness patterns, Ecology 88, 1824–1831 [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Vázquez D.P., and Aizen M.A. (2004) Asymmetric specialization: a pervasive feature of plant-pollinator interaction, Ecology 85, 1251–1257 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Walter H., Lieth H. (1967) Klimadiagramm Weltaltlas, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena. [Google Scholar]
  • Waser N.M., Chittka L., Price M.V., Williams N.M., and Ollerton J. (1996) Generalization in pollination systems and why it matters, Ecology 77, 1043–1060 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]